Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells lining the cervix or the lower part of the uterus. The condition often affects deeper tissues of the cervix and may spread to other body parts, such as the vagina, rectum, bladder, liver, and lungs. Most of the time, strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) cause the condition. However, some other factors may also come into play.

Here’s a look at the risk factors for cervical cancer:

1. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Infection with HPV is one of the main risk factors for cervical cancer. It is common among sexually active people. However, most of them get rid of the virus without any health issues. There are more than 100 different types of HPV, and not all of them cause cancer. Studies have shown that two strains of HPV, HPV16 and HPV18, cause cervical cancer in most women.

2. Weak immune system
A weak or lowered immune system increases the risk of cervical cancer. The immune system may become weak because of poor nutrition, organ transplantation, corticosteroid medications, HIV, or other cancer types. If a woman has HIV, her immune system may not be able to combat early cancer.

3. Smoking
Studies have shown that women who smoke are more likely to develop cervical cancer than women who do not smoke. Hence, smoking can be one of the main risk factors for cervical cancer.

4. Herpes
Genital herpes also increases the chances of cervical cancer in women. This is a common, sexually transmitted disease that causes painful and itchy sores around the genital area.

5. Age
The risk of developing cervical cancer is higher between the early 20s and mid-30s. However, women who have crossed this age group also remain at risk and should go for regular screenings.

6. Multiple full-term pregnancies
Women who have had multiple full-term pregnancies are at a higher risk of cervical cancer. This may be due to more exposure to HPV infection, hormonal changes, and a weaker immune system during pregnancy.

7. Oral contraceptives
Some studies suggest that oral contraceptives or birth control pills may increase the risk of cervical cancer. However, more research and clarity is needed to understand the connection.

8. Taking diethylstilbestrol (DES) medication
This medication was given to women from 1940 to 1970 to avoid miscarriage, premature labor, and other pregnancy complications. According to experts, women whose mothers took it during pregnancy are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer.

These are some of the main risk factors for cervical cancer. Apart from these, having a family history of the condition, first full-term pregnancy at a young age, and including fewer fruits and vegetables in the diet may also increase the chances of developing the disease.